Overview and Key Features

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NCOG Earth Chain aims to address the limitations of traditional blockchains in scalability, security, and data handling 3. Its architecture blends multiple innovations to achieve this:

Forest Protocol – DAG Consensus

A leaderless, asynchronous PoS consensus that organizes transactions in a Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) instead of a single chain. Many validators can create blocks in parallel, achieving very high throughput. Special milestone events (_Clotho_ and _Atropos_) are used to determine a final total order of transactions on the Main Chain, enabling fast finality without miners.

Dual-Consensus Database (DDB)

An integrated PostgreSQL database cluster runs within the network to support high-volume data operations on-chain. NCOG uses a two-phase consensus for database transactions: first, a local BFT consensus among a subset of database validator nodes to endorse the SQL transaction, and second, the global consensus to finalize it on the blockchain. This marries the performance of a SQL database with blockchain trust and transparency.

Post-Quantum Security

NCOG Earth Chain is secured with post-quantum cryptography (PQC) by default. It uses ML-DSA87 (Module Lattice Digital Signature Algorithm) for all transaction and block signatures and ML-KEM 1024 (a lattice-based key encapsulation, similar to CRYSTALS-Kyber) for encrypting network communications. This ensures the chain remains secure against future quantum adversaries, unlike traditional blockchains that rely on ECDSA (which quantum computers could break).

Dual Wallet System

The official NCOG Wallet is split into an Asset Wallet (manages crypto-assets and keys for $NEC transactions) and a Data Wallet (manages encryption keys for user data and personal information). This dual-wallet design allows users to securely store and share personal data via the blockchain. The Data Wallet uses strong encryption (protected by ML-KEM keys) and only releases data to dApps with explicit user consent, enabling true self-sovereign data ownership alongside asset ownership.

Parallel Transaction Pools

To maximize throughput, NCOG employs a multi-pool mempool architecture. Separate transaction queues are maintained for different transaction types (e.g., regular token transfers vs. database operations). Specialized validator groups handle each pool in parallel. This prevents heavy transactions from clogging the network and lets the system process many operations concurrently, further boosting scalability.

In addition to the above, NCOG Earth Chain provides supporting infrastructure such as a multi-chain bridge for cross-chain asset and data transfers, a real-time blockchain explorer, and even decentralized applications built on the platform (for example, a blockchain-based secure email service that leverages the Data Wallet’s encryption). All these services utilize the core innovations of NCOG’s architecture – high throughput consensus, the integrated data layer, and post-quantum security – to offer a robust ecosystem for developers and users.

The following sections delve deeper into each of NCOG Earth Chain’s core components and explain how they work and how developers can integrate with them.